This is a professional employer organization (PEO). You might have also heard it called co-employment, employee leasing or staff leasing. To me, in the past, it represented more than outsourcing of HR services, although it does that. But, to us Third Wavers it can possibly make the thought of private practice bearable.
There are about 700 PEOs operating in the United States and they currently cover 2 to 3 million workers. They operate in all 50 states, and there are individual PEOs that cover all 50 states.
The way the system works, generally, is that you enter into a co-employment contract with a PEO of your choice, and the PEO becomes the employer of record for tax and insurance purposes, as well as other HR services and compliance issues. They take care of withholding, escrowing and paying income taxes, Medicare, social security, insurance coverages and contributions to 401(k) accounts.
From my experience, PEOs charge about 3% of total payroll paid through the organization. I can also tell you that the PEO will save you more than this fee in taxes and insurance coverages alone. After all, many of these PEOs are purchasing insurance and other services for tens of thousands of workers at a time.
The way it works, generally, is that you set up an account from where the PEO withdraws money weekly, every two weeks, twice monthly, or monthly depending on how often everyone is paid. Then they do all of the appropriate withholding and direct deposit your check, and that of any employees, in the appropriate bank accounts. You, any employees, any co-workers, associates, of counsel or those sharing in the group are now treated as W-2 employees. This has some benefits.
These are really more than staffing firms and you should be careful not to confuse a staff firm with a PEO.
What you might not realize is that you do not have to be incorporated or a formal partnership or the most formal of groups to be part of a PEO. And, even if you have no other employees, you are able to lease yourself back to yourself.
Why would any solo, small law firm or Third Waver do such a thing?
Well, it actually has a lot of practical benefits. I cannot cover all of them here, but let me list a few.
First, and probably the most important, is insurance coverages. And, not just health insurance coverage. The biggest problem for solos and small firms in particular is the acquisition of appropriate amounts and the quality of insurance coverages. Many of the larger PEOs offer group insurance coverages that they administer. Group insurance is expensive but it offers a lot of benefits. For example, you cannot necessarily be denied coverage if you have some pre-conditions, and in most states group insurance providers cannot cancel health coverages or increase premiums too greatly because someone has an extraordinary medical expense. There is also life insurance, disability insurance, dental insurance, vision insurance, and worker's comp insurance coverages. Some solos and firms maybe low risk, but they need these coverages. It is possible, for example, for a lawyer to get hurt on the job. Like all insurance it is expensive, but PEOs often have cafeteria plans that allow good tax savings to offset part of this expense. If you chose higher deductible insurance plans, they can help establish health savings accounts and even personal spending accounts, which deal with pre-tax dollars.
Second, are retirement accounts. Sure you can set up a SEP or other specialized accounts, but these costs money to properly administer. Many PEOs offer a properly authorized and complaint 401(k) account to which you will have access after a short period of time. Contributions can come out of your paycheck.
Third, if for some reason something goes wrong and you cannot hold your law practice of firm together, you are entitled to unemployment insurance because you are a W-2 employee.
Fourth, they maintain all of the bookkeeping for all of this. You do not have to.
Fifth, many PEOs are associated with credit unions in which you will have membership. This allows you access to low interest loans, higher interest savings accounts, and buying services.
Sixth, if you actually have employees and things are not working out, you do not necessarily have to fire them. The PEO will do it. But, that is just being crass.
Seventh, because you are required to pay in enough money to cover all of your tax, Medicare, social security and insurance issues, it breaks you from playing around with your tax money. You pay it in each pay period, it is paid over to the IRS immediately afterward, and at the end of the year you get file a tax return based upon you employee status.
Many PEOs have minimum requirement in regard to the numbers of people in a group in order to join. Some are as little a 3 or 4. If you do not have three or four people in your firm, then you can form a group with other like minded attorneys and their staff to meet this requirement.
For attorneys, at least in Texas, you are required to sign a statement that the PEO will in no way be involved in the management of the law firm, no information will be disclosed about legal clients to the PEO, and that the attorney, as a leased employee, will make all decision as to legal matters.
So, even if nobody else but you, it might be best to investigate and consider a PEO for you and your closest friends or colleagues.
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